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1. Complete information on liquid metallic hydrogen

1. Metallic hydrogen is a degenerate substance and an allotrope of the diatomic molecule H2. When hydrogen gas is fully compressed and undergoes a phase transition, metallic hydrogen is produced. Solid metallic hydrogen is a crystal structure composed of atomic nuclei (i.e. protons) with atomic intervals smaller than the Bohr radius, equivalent to the wavelength length of electrons (see de Broglie wavelength). Electrons detach from molecular orbitals, resulting in conduction electrons in general metals. In liquid hydrogen, protons have no lattice order and form a liquid system consisting of protons and electrons. Basic introduction: - Chinese name: Liquid metallic hydrogen - Foreign name: Liquid metallic hydrogen - Constituent elements: Atomic nucleus (i.e. protons) - Structure: Crystal Liquid metal hydrogen: Hydrogen will become a liquid with good electrical conductivity under high pressure compression. According to theory, it is speculated that there is liquid metallic hydrogen inside Jupiter and other Jupiter like planets. In 1935, physicists Eugene Wigner and Hillard Bell Huntington predicted that at 250000 atmospheres (approximately 25 GPa), hydrogen atoms would lose their ability to bind electrons and exhibit metallic properties. Subsequent experiments have shown that the initial assumption of pressure was insufficient. Theoretical calculations indicate that higher pressure is required to metalize hydrogen and oxygen, but it can still be obtained through experiments. 7. Compression results show that the proton mass is one fourth that of He. Under normal pressure, due to high zero point energy, protons also appear liquid near absolute zero point. Similar

ly, protons have a high zero point energy in a dense state, and their order energy decreases in a highly compressed state. The highest melting point of compressed hydrogen is currently under debate. Superconductivity: N. W. Ashcroft proposed that metallic hydrogen may also be a superconductor at room temperature (290K). 9. Experimental progress: Countries around the world are using various methods to produce metal hydrogen at ultra-high pressure. There are two mature methods, one is called dynamic compression method, which uses rapid impact compression from a strong magnetic field to obtain high shielding band brightness pressure to produce metallic hydrogen. Another method is called static compression, which generates static high pressure of 1-2 million atmospheres and compresses liquid hydrogen to produce metallic hydrogen. 10. Metallic hydrogen in space: Metallic hydrogen is believed to exist inside some massive planets, such as Jupiter, Saturn, and some newly discovered exoplanets with wide solar systems. Due to the actual temperature inside planets being higher than previously predicted by theory, metallic hydrogen may be more abundant and closer to the planets surface than expected. 11. Energy: Practical applications that may generate large amounts of metallic hydrogen. There is a theory that metastable metallic hydrogen (MSMH) may not immediately revert back to normal hydrogen gas after pressure release. MSMH is an effective and clean energy source, with only water as the final product. When MSMH burns, it will make the virtual hydrogen more intense than ordinary hydrogen, releasing nine times the effect of ordinary hydrogen and five times the effect of current space shuttle fuel (liquid H2/O2). However, Lawrence

liquid hydrogen flow meter

1. Complete information on liquid metallic hydrogen

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